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Docker 基本命令2(hello world)

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拉取nginx image

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xiaomao@jp-vps:~$docker pull nginx

xiaomao@jp-vps:~$docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
ubuntu              latest              775349758637        13 days ago         64.2MB
busybox             latest              020584afccce        2 weeks ago         1.22MB
nginx               latest              540a289bab6c        3 weeks ago         126MB

运行起来

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xiaomao@jp-vps:~$docker run --rm --name test-nginx -d -p 8080:80 nginx
f639a32e0aa2ddf85aff57364134758bd1d0055db40fbf64006d1db4def3bde2
xiaomao@jp-vps:~$docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
f639a32e0aa2        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   8 seconds ago       Up 7 seconds        0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp   test-nginx
xiaomao@jp-vps:~$docker port test-nginx
80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:8080

–rm 容器退出时自动删除
–name test-nginx 容器命名为test-nginx
-d 后台运行并打印容器id
-p 8080:80 把主机的8080端口映射到容器的80端口

docker port xxx 罗列容器的端口映射关系

测试

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xiaomao@jp-vps:~$curl -I http://127.0.0.1:8080
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.17.5
Date: Thu, 14 Nov 2019 13:54:40 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 612
Last-Modified: Tue, 22 Oct 2019 14:30:00 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5daf1268-264"
Accept-Ranges: bytes

通过name停止/运行容器

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xiaomao@jp-vps:~$docker stop test-nginx
test-nginx
xiaomao@jp-vps:~$docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

定制内容

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xiaomao@jp-vps:~$cat test/index.html
hello mm

xiaomao@jp-vps:~$docker run --rm -d --name test-nginx -p 8080:80 -v ~/test/:/usr/share/nginx/html:ro nginx
3e81756bf521f409b4cf489e01ea82d011a4c80186cd4e15b2d92a4f4161fabb

xiaomao@jp-vps:~$curl http://127.0.0.1:8080
hello mm

-v /test/:/usr/share/nginx/html:ro 将主机/test目录挂载到容器的/usr/share/nginx/html目录

查看容器的目录挂载情况

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xiaomao@jp-vps:~$docker inspect test-nginx | grep Mounts -A 10
        "Mounts": [
            {
                "Type": "bind",
                "Source": "/home/xiaomao/test",
                "Destination": "/usr/share/nginx/html",
                "Mode": "ro",
                "RW": false,
                "Propagation": "rprivate"
            }
        ],
        "Config": {

进入容器

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xiaomao@jp-vps:~$docker exec -it test-nginx bash
root@3e81756bf521:/# hostname
3e81756bf521